Cite secondary sources sparingly—for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable, or available only in a language that you do not understand. citation guide This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. You use secondary citations for any instance in which you didn't see the work you are citing directly, but read it via a citation in another source. So it's the same for websites as it is in books and journal articles. Citing indirect quotes: APA (6th ed.) It provides selected citation examples for common types of sources. Citing Sources in APA Style 7th edition Quotations Enter Search ... For short quotations (less than 40 words), cite the source with page numbers immediately following the end of the quotation. In the text of your paper, you should mention the original source in the sentence, followed by a parenthetical citation with the secondary source's information. A secondary source is a reference that quotes or paraphrases ideas and information from another source. (APA Style Blog, apastyle.org) In Text. The APA defines a secondary source (aka an indirect source) as a source that cites or quotes another source. An indirect citation or secondary source is when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work. However, the reference list needs to include only the secondary source, not the primary source. ). If possible, as a matter of good scholarly practice, find the primary source, read it, and cite it directly rather than citing a secondary source. it’s out of print, in a language other than English, or difficult to obtain through usual sources, etc. Sometimes, this is called an indirect source. However, if it is not possible to track down the original work, it is okay to cite a secondary source. For example, if you read an article by Brown (2020) and that author quotes the earlier work of Smith (2017), Brown is the secondary or indirect source (because it was written later) and Smith is considered the direct or original source (because it was written first). A secondary source is a source cited within another source. Include both the original author and the author of the work where quote/idea was found in the in-text reference. However, this is only true when the person who is being quoted was *cited* by the work that you have in front of you. Citing sources quoted in another source It is sometimes necessary to quote or make reference to a work that you have not actually read but only encountered in the work of another. APA recommends one avoid secondary sources when possible. Even though you have not read the quoted source you must acknowledge the original source of the information, as well as the work in which it appears, in a parenthetical note. In Warkinton’s study (as cited in Roberts, Jones & Munroe, 2014), children’s cognitive growth and development … Or For more detailed information please consult a print copy of the style manual available at the SFU Library and at the SFU Bookstore.
It is always recommended to locate and cite the original source whenever possible, but there are times when the original source is unavailable (e.g. Effective teams can be difficult to describe because "high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along another" (Ervin et al., 2018, p. 470).
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